Post by veu on Jun 15, 2021 10:35:47 GMT -5
Source: Quizlet:
Andersen Biography
-Born on April 2, 1805
-From the town of Odensen, 8,000 inhabitants, medieval feeling
-Proletarian background
-Father was a cobbler and freethinker
-Mother near illiterate; was an illegitimate child
-Andersen's aunt ran a brothel
-Paternal grandfather was insane; grandmother worked in the asylum
-Worked in factories
-Had a high soprano voice; started to perform as an actor and singer in wealthier households in Odense
-Left Odense at age 14 in 1819 to go to Copenhagen to seek fame in the Danish Royal Theater
-Was turned down by the Royal Theater and went to the Royal Choir School
--Received singing lessons
-Accepted into the Royal Theater Ballet School, but he lacked the talent and appearance that was necessary
--Received a minor position in the Choir
-Jonas Collin paid for his schooling
--Collin= Minister of France and founder of Copenhagen Savings Bank
-Went to school in the provincial Slagelse at age 17
--Meisling (teacher) forbid Andersen from writing creatively
-First literary success:
--Poem written from the perspective of a dying child
--A Walking Tour from the Holmen Canal to the Eastern Point of Amager
--Influenced by German Romanticism
--Influenced by E.T.A. Hoffmann (motif of doppelgänger)
-Triangular relationship: courts Riborg Voigt, friendship with brother Christian
-Falls in love with Ludvig Müller, turns his attention to Louise Colline who becomes engaged to another, remained infatuated with Edvard Collin
-Andersen received a travel grant
-Set out for Germany in 1831
--learns about the mermaid myths
-Travels to Paris and Rome
-Wrote Agnete and the Merman in Paris: girl marries a merman called Hemming, have 7 sons with him, called by church bells and never returns to her husband
-Mother died while he was in Italy
-Novel about a singer, The Improvisatore, made him famous but not rich
-Starts to work on fairy tales; first book in 1835-- all stories that he heard from his grandmother
-Andersen takes the fairy tale as a purely literary form and invents his own tale
-Special affinity with children
--Believed fairy tales were intended for adults and children; adds social satire to marvelous stories
-Combines fairy tale worlds with the everyday bourgeois middle-class culture
--Little Mermaid: social outsider and a forbidden lover
-Received an annual grant from the King, financial security
-Fell in love with Henrik Stampe who used him to get close to Jonas Collin's grandchild
-Considered Germany his second home
-Befriended Carl Alexander, duke of Weimar
-Andersen was torn between his adopted home Germany and his patriotism when Denmark was at war
--Unable to write
--Traveled to Sweden to get away from the war
-Traveled in the 1850s and 1860s with the grandchild of Jonas Collin
--Spent a lot of time in Southern Germany and Munich
-Spent much of his time with 2 Jewish families
--Jews received full constitutional rights in Denmark in 1849
-Died of liver cancer in 1875
--left his estate and the rights of his works to Edvard Collin
Andersen's Denmark
-Denmark was an ally of Napoleon in 1807
-British ship bombarded Copenhagen in 1807= commerce suffered
-in 1813, the state was declared bankrupt and had to hand over Norway to Sweden in 1814 (Denmark was the senior partner in a union with Norway)
-Denmark remained an absolute monarchy until 1848; censorship of the press, no real political debate
--Golden age of culture because there was no political freedom for the middle and upper classes
Little Mermaid: Biographical context
-Andersen began writing the tale the day after Jonas Collin's son Edvard married
-Completed on January 23, 1837
-Published together with Emperor's New Clothes
--Related stories about invisible paintings and stories about bridges that expose adulterers
-Statue of mermaid is national monument
--Jonas Collin danced the role of the mermaid in a ballet production of 1913
Style:
-Exquisite details
-Witty
-Colors of Italy
Theme: Love, Wish to Marry
--Andersen's invisibility as a lover
--Marrying beyond one's situation
Theme: Separation of tail into legs
--Sexual initiation
--Independence
--Maturation
--Symbols of mutability, transformation
Theme: Suffering
--Self-sacrifice
--Spiritual superiority
Theme: Silence
--Self-sacrficing
--Vulnerable/ Disempowered
--Loss of tongue= symbolic castration
Theme: Desire to gain a soul, death
--Religious dimension
--Immortality as a consolation prize
--Character who wants to transcend her world
Little Mermaid: Mermaid myths: Origin, symbolism
-Many stories about mermaids
-Called Undines, selkies, sea-nymphs; appear on earth and marry mortals
--can only remain on land under certain conditions
-Sit on rocks, ledges and reefs; have a comb or mirror (they hold mirror as a symbol of the sea rather than their vanity)
-Scaly tail, blue eyes, blond, sometimes powers of prophecy and wish-grating, vengeance when betrayed or thwarted
-Mermaids are impenetrable
-Completely removed from the human world, inaccessible; irrational
-Water is the symbol of unconscious
-Water= as the source of life in all creation myths
--source of death: site of drowning, engulfing
-Mermaid figures: seductive/sexual; ocean (sexuality) associated with pleasure and with death
-Gap between mermaids and humans: humans cannot hear the mermaids sing, sounds like storm to them
Little Mermaid: Mermaid Literature
Literary Sources:
-Paracelsus, physician, botanist, occultist, astrologer: nymphs= water people; sylphs= air people; pygmies= earth people; salamanders= fire people
--treaties on nature spirits who marry humans to gain a soul
-Sirens: lure humans to their death; bird-like appearance, later on portrayed as nymphs
-Selkies= mythological creatures in Scottish, Irish, and Islandic folklore; Orkney Islands off of the coast of Scotland
--said to live with the seals in the sea; can shed skin to become human on land
-Andersen knew the German myth of Lorelei
-Tieck's Melusine: woman who is sometimes part snake, sometimes has a fishtail; marries a knight on the condition that there is one day a year he is not allowed to see her; origin of his wealth and fortune; leaves him and returns to sea
-Andersen's verse drama Agnete was based on Agnes and the Merman: human lives with merman for eight years, bears him 7 sons, hears church bells and asks to be allowed to go to church and does not return
-Matthew Arnold, The Forsaken Merman: Margaret leaves the human world to be with a merman, but then leaves him
-Friedrich de la Motte Fouque: Undine (1811), Sea King sends his daughter to land so she can gain a soul; wild and impetuous; she is the changeling child of a poor fisherman; a knight Hildebrand falls in love with her and marries her; betrays her with the princess Bertalda who is the real daughter of the fisherman; Huldbrand drowns in her embrace although she did not intend to kill him
-Mermaid stories by Danish writers Ingemann Creatures of the Sea and Oehlenschläger
-Bournonville's ballet La Sylphide, performed in Copenhagen in 1836; James is about to get married when he falls in love with a sylph, sylph snatches the ring from James who runs after her into the forest; witch Madge gives him a scarf that would make it impossible for the sylph to run away, but it kills her; James dies
Little Mermaid: Disney's Mermaid
1989
-Started the Disney Renaissance: first commercially successful animated film after Walt Disney's death in 1966
Differences:
-Happy ending
-Opens with Prince Eric who hasn't found the right girl; saves the day by killing Ursula
-Religious context (soul) has disappeared completely; coming of age story
-Ariel: rebellious, adventurous, likes to explore
-Her voice is more powerful than her beauty (voice is not permanently lost, poured into a shell)
-Sebastian: surveillance, Jamaican accent
-Ursula: tries to overthrow Triton's kingdom, based on the drag performer Divine
—vilifies the sea witch (female power); an octopus= inverted Medusa
-Grandmother: positive female figure with some power disappears
-King Triton: calls humans barbarians, all humans are the same, incapable of any feelings
Andersen Biography
-Born on April 2, 1805
-From the town of Odensen, 8,000 inhabitants, medieval feeling
-Proletarian background
-Father was a cobbler and freethinker
-Mother near illiterate; was an illegitimate child
-Andersen's aunt ran a brothel
-Paternal grandfather was insane; grandmother worked in the asylum
-Worked in factories
-Had a high soprano voice; started to perform as an actor and singer in wealthier households in Odense
-Left Odense at age 14 in 1819 to go to Copenhagen to seek fame in the Danish Royal Theater
-Was turned down by the Royal Theater and went to the Royal Choir School
--Received singing lessons
-Accepted into the Royal Theater Ballet School, but he lacked the talent and appearance that was necessary
--Received a minor position in the Choir
-Jonas Collin paid for his schooling
--Collin= Minister of France and founder of Copenhagen Savings Bank
-Went to school in the provincial Slagelse at age 17
--Meisling (teacher) forbid Andersen from writing creatively
-First literary success:
--Poem written from the perspective of a dying child
--A Walking Tour from the Holmen Canal to the Eastern Point of Amager
--Influenced by German Romanticism
--Influenced by E.T.A. Hoffmann (motif of doppelgänger)
-Triangular relationship: courts Riborg Voigt, friendship with brother Christian
-Falls in love with Ludvig Müller, turns his attention to Louise Colline who becomes engaged to another, remained infatuated with Edvard Collin
-Andersen received a travel grant
-Set out for Germany in 1831
--learns about the mermaid myths
-Travels to Paris and Rome
-Wrote Agnete and the Merman in Paris: girl marries a merman called Hemming, have 7 sons with him, called by church bells and never returns to her husband
-Mother died while he was in Italy
-Novel about a singer, The Improvisatore, made him famous but not rich
-Starts to work on fairy tales; first book in 1835-- all stories that he heard from his grandmother
-Andersen takes the fairy tale as a purely literary form and invents his own tale
-Special affinity with children
--Believed fairy tales were intended for adults and children; adds social satire to marvelous stories
-Combines fairy tale worlds with the everyday bourgeois middle-class culture
--Little Mermaid: social outsider and a forbidden lover
-Received an annual grant from the King, financial security
-Fell in love with Henrik Stampe who used him to get close to Jonas Collin's grandchild
-Considered Germany his second home
-Befriended Carl Alexander, duke of Weimar
-Andersen was torn between his adopted home Germany and his patriotism when Denmark was at war
--Unable to write
--Traveled to Sweden to get away from the war
-Traveled in the 1850s and 1860s with the grandchild of Jonas Collin
--Spent a lot of time in Southern Germany and Munich
-Spent much of his time with 2 Jewish families
--Jews received full constitutional rights in Denmark in 1849
-Died of liver cancer in 1875
--left his estate and the rights of his works to Edvard Collin
Andersen's Denmark
-Denmark was an ally of Napoleon in 1807
-British ship bombarded Copenhagen in 1807= commerce suffered
-in 1813, the state was declared bankrupt and had to hand over Norway to Sweden in 1814 (Denmark was the senior partner in a union with Norway)
-Denmark remained an absolute monarchy until 1848; censorship of the press, no real political debate
--Golden age of culture because there was no political freedom for the middle and upper classes
Little Mermaid: Biographical context
-Andersen began writing the tale the day after Jonas Collin's son Edvard married
-Completed on January 23, 1837
-Published together with Emperor's New Clothes
--Related stories about invisible paintings and stories about bridges that expose adulterers
-Statue of mermaid is national monument
--Jonas Collin danced the role of the mermaid in a ballet production of 1913
Style:
-Exquisite details
-Witty
-Colors of Italy
Theme: Love, Wish to Marry
--Andersen's invisibility as a lover
--Marrying beyond one's situation
Theme: Separation of tail into legs
--Sexual initiation
--Independence
--Maturation
--Symbols of mutability, transformation
Theme: Suffering
--Self-sacrifice
--Spiritual superiority
Theme: Silence
--Self-sacrficing
--Vulnerable/ Disempowered
--Loss of tongue= symbolic castration
Theme: Desire to gain a soul, death
--Religious dimension
--Immortality as a consolation prize
--Character who wants to transcend her world
Little Mermaid: Mermaid myths: Origin, symbolism
-Many stories about mermaids
-Called Undines, selkies, sea-nymphs; appear on earth and marry mortals
--can only remain on land under certain conditions
-Sit on rocks, ledges and reefs; have a comb or mirror (they hold mirror as a symbol of the sea rather than their vanity)
-Scaly tail, blue eyes, blond, sometimes powers of prophecy and wish-grating, vengeance when betrayed or thwarted
-Mermaids are impenetrable
-Completely removed from the human world, inaccessible; irrational
-Water is the symbol of unconscious
-Water= as the source of life in all creation myths
--source of death: site of drowning, engulfing
-Mermaid figures: seductive/sexual; ocean (sexuality) associated with pleasure and with death
-Gap between mermaids and humans: humans cannot hear the mermaids sing, sounds like storm to them
Little Mermaid: Mermaid Literature
Literary Sources:
-Paracelsus, physician, botanist, occultist, astrologer: nymphs= water people; sylphs= air people; pygmies= earth people; salamanders= fire people
--treaties on nature spirits who marry humans to gain a soul
-Sirens: lure humans to their death; bird-like appearance, later on portrayed as nymphs
-Selkies= mythological creatures in Scottish, Irish, and Islandic folklore; Orkney Islands off of the coast of Scotland
--said to live with the seals in the sea; can shed skin to become human on land
-Andersen knew the German myth of Lorelei
-Tieck's Melusine: woman who is sometimes part snake, sometimes has a fishtail; marries a knight on the condition that there is one day a year he is not allowed to see her; origin of his wealth and fortune; leaves him and returns to sea
-Andersen's verse drama Agnete was based on Agnes and the Merman: human lives with merman for eight years, bears him 7 sons, hears church bells and asks to be allowed to go to church and does not return
-Matthew Arnold, The Forsaken Merman: Margaret leaves the human world to be with a merman, but then leaves him
-Friedrich de la Motte Fouque: Undine (1811), Sea King sends his daughter to land so she can gain a soul; wild and impetuous; she is the changeling child of a poor fisherman; a knight Hildebrand falls in love with her and marries her; betrays her with the princess Bertalda who is the real daughter of the fisherman; Huldbrand drowns in her embrace although she did not intend to kill him
-Mermaid stories by Danish writers Ingemann Creatures of the Sea and Oehlenschläger
-Bournonville's ballet La Sylphide, performed in Copenhagen in 1836; James is about to get married when he falls in love with a sylph, sylph snatches the ring from James who runs after her into the forest; witch Madge gives him a scarf that would make it impossible for the sylph to run away, but it kills her; James dies
Little Mermaid: Disney's Mermaid
1989
-Started the Disney Renaissance: first commercially successful animated film after Walt Disney's death in 1966
Differences:
-Happy ending
-Opens with Prince Eric who hasn't found the right girl; saves the day by killing Ursula
-Religious context (soul) has disappeared completely; coming of age story
-Ariel: rebellious, adventurous, likes to explore
-Her voice is more powerful than her beauty (voice is not permanently lost, poured into a shell)
-Sebastian: surveillance, Jamaican accent
-Ursula: tries to overthrow Triton's kingdom, based on the drag performer Divine
—vilifies the sea witch (female power); an octopus= inverted Medusa
-Grandmother: positive female figure with some power disappears
-King Triton: calls humans barbarians, all humans are the same, incapable of any feelings